If you save your data as files in a folder structure on a local hard drive, or in the (less secure) Cloud, it's possible to save a link directly to that file into an Evernote. The file is not 'attached' to the note, but it is still accessible from it.
Use a descriptive file name / tags or add an executive summary to the note and your data is still easily searchable and accessible, even if the full note content is not available until the file is opened in local software.