I am having the same issue: I duplicated a note with an image because I liked the format I created. The thumbnail for the original note copied over and remains on the duplicated note even after I deleted all text and images. My duplicated note now has completely different images and text, but the old image remains.
My images were uploaded from the iOS app and appears to be a .HEIC filetype.
Is it possible to fix this bug or provide the ability to choose a thumbnail image?