Quick answer is - No. Money is gone.
Evernote prompted me to buy Premium if I wanted to get any support. Which I did.
A guy was assigned and we went back and forth on the issue. Very slowly. Eventually we got to the point where he showed me the log of who accessed the file containing the key and it was all me from my IP. All the same IP. After that, Evernote support said they can do nothing about it and closed the case, when I asked them to do internal investigation on the matter.
I did contact FBI, but get no response from them. When I contacted private bureau that works on cyber theft, they said FBI wouldn't even look at it unless it's a much larger sum of money and/or corporate. They also said that the money is impossible to trace, because they bounce it from one currency and place to the other.
I spoke with a few people who said that the similar thing (password stolen from Evernote) happened to them or to someone they know. No trace.
I'm not here to play a blame game, but my assumption is - it was one of Evernote employees. That's my personal opinion.
I did remove all my private notes from Evernote.