Similar issue with me, using latest MacOS Desktop version.
Difference: copy paste from one note to the other note in Evernote - the image are lost!
Copy/Cut & Paste section with images from one Note into new Note, it shows me very shortly this message in the new note:
Which I ignored, because the image was first shown correctly, but later the image is disappear and it looks like: two turning circles
Unfortunately the section with the image from the original note is removed. How can I bring back the image?