@encaps, yes, I have been experiencing this same problem, recently on my older iPhone 6s and again today on my new iPhone XR.
I keep my app updated; I am currently running Evernote version 8.22.370013
Here is what happens: I open the IOS Evernote app on my iPhone, Click on the + to Create a new note, Take a photo using the camera within Evernote and Save the photo. Then there is no image visible within the note. I may type in the title and then I exit the note. I do see the photo preview image in the list of my notes, but when I click on the note to open it up, there is no image visible within the note.
I waited a while, to see if perhaps it needed some time to sync, but the image is still not visible when I reopen the note.
So my “workaround” has been to insert the saved photo from my camera roll / Photos into this note or into a new note.
Will this issue be fixed? Hope so!