I had the same issue with 10.5.7 version and beyond. I was told to delete the %appdata% folder on Windows 10 OS as mentioned below but that didn't help address the issue
Go to search located next to the start button
Search for %appdata%
Locate and delete the Evernote folder
Launch Evernote again and sign in
However the latest 10.6 version seems to have released just a day ago. I installed it and haven't experienced the issue after using for over a day now. Normally I would experience the issue within the few mins of using the 10.5.x version.
It was a great relief to see the resolution after over a month of experiencing the isue.
Hope this info helps others!!