I ran into this problem recently and did find a workaround, although I don't know if it will work for all printers.
First off, you cannot log into the web version of Evernote from Android, at least not from chrome. So that option is out.
I finally found that my HP printer has an email address. So I go into my note and do this:
1. Select share.
2. With the share dialog box open, click on the three dots upper right and select Email copy of note. If you don't do this, your printer kindly prints a page showing a button for the link to the note, not helpful 😜
3. Put in the email address of the printer and send it off. Works acceptably well.
I agree with others that with WiFi printers so common, print should become a standard option under the share button, but at least this gets the job 95% done.