i am having a similar issue: attempting to sync on my Android phone(galaxy note 9 Model# SM-N960UZPAATT) produces a "failed to copy source uri to temporary file" error. New notes from phone remain on phone. Notes Notes updated on laptop sync to phone. Some notes updated on phone (with word "test") do sync back to cloud, but notes where i have added photos, for example, do not sync back. have 89 GB available on phone storage.
The following did not help:
* Emptied trash
* went into Evernote Settings | seach and storage, and then cleared the cache.
* Restarted android phone (galaxy note 9 Model# SM-N960UZPAATT)
I've opened Ticket# 3034109 ; I'll update when resolved.