Wow - here we are 8 years later. I tried a couple of the work arounds mentioned earlier like MathJax (very kludgy). We had a college intern come in and introduce my coworkers and I to overleaf. So they switched and I went with them (at least as far as paying: paying for overleaf now and dropped evernote premium). Overleaf is fully featured but requires you to know Latex. Still use Evernote some for taking general (meetings, tasks, logs) notes and it works for that. I wish there was something that spanned both. I don't think they are marketing Evernote for the "niche" (lol) technical fields (me :engineering) any longer though.
Wish I had a dollar for every-time I had this conversation:
Someone: "You use evernote? I use [Teams or some other product]. Do you like it?
Me: "It's Ok. But there is no equation editor or ability to embed math"
Someone: "Oh really? So about that meeting yesterday..."